Music Direction,
Arranging/Composition,
Sound Design
Production list
King Lear (2019)
The Merchant of Venice (2018)
All photos by Robert Michael Evans, unless otherwise noted
From 2016 to 2019, while serving as artistic director of Seoul Shakespeare Company I also served as the sound designer/composer/music director. Below are music and sounds used in my designs, with photos roughly corresponding to what was happening onstage. I composed all the songs that are sung by characters (with the lyrics by Shakespeare) within scenes, but for incidental music the approach to each show was different. I started in 2016 with lots of royalty-free music in Much Ado, then composed and recorded most of the music for The Winter's Tale, then directed all live music for The Merchant of Venice, and finally designed King Lear with lots of recordings of modern gugak (Korean traditional music).
At the bottom of each show's section I've included a Spotify playlist of the pieces that are available there (either music used in the show or music that inspired the show's live music), as it's the most convenient way to group them in one place and encourage exploration of the artists. Please explore, and purchase their music.
King Lear
Seoul Shakespeare Company, 2019
(Directed by Lauren Ash-Morgan)
The general sound design concept for this show was one of the main reasons I wanted to do this play, as I had long wanted to incorporate the sounds of Korean traditional music (gugak) into Lear. I had originally been interested in using really traditional gugak but found while doing preliminary sound tests in the theatre during The Merchant of Venice that the recordings I was thinking of weren't crisp enough in the theatre, and as I found during the sound design process, many gugak recordings were difficult to extract brief snippets from, as the layering of instruments created few clean breaks between musical phrases. Instead I shifted toward recordings of modern gugak compositions and solo instruments, particularly those featuring the geomungo, and the gayageum for Cordelia.
I composed the Fool's songs. Some of them were inspired by schmaltzy Korean trot songs, as I had originally thought of making him a pumba-style clown. At the same time, I did not want the show to stop every time the Fool sings, so many of the other songs are written like quick schoolyard taunts.
In Shakespeare's time, at the end of the play the dead characters usually would have had to stand up in view of the audience and a jig would most likely have ended the play. I have often felt that the ending of Lear feels incomplete without something like this, so I incorporated an ending song into the curtain call. The complete ending sequence is below (with my voice recorded as a practice track for the cast). It begins after Edgar's final line, with the stage strewn with bodies, as one of the nurses from the show's opening slowly enters with the hospital bed. Albany, Kent, and Edgar lift Lear into the bed, while the three daughters slowly stand up and exit. Finally, Edgar (who also doubled as a nurse in the opening of the play) gently raises the head of the hospital bed and exits. The man awakens and the lighting snaps back to the hospital lighting as his daughter (the same actress who played Cordelia, now in modern clothes) rushes in with a suitcase. As she approaches the hospital bed and takes his hand, the lights turn to pink-purple and they have a moment together before he passes and the lights go out. Then the colored lights of Lear's world slowly come up as the cast enters in groups, singing. I used three different pieces of music for this sequence (credited below). Miraculously, both the traditional version of "He that has an a little tiny wit" and the modified version that I composed for our Fool matched well with Geomungo Factory's piece "Fly to the Sky," which became the backing track for the song. It was difficult for the cast to hear the music from the stage, so I added some additional percussion to the recording and conducted from the back of the audience.
MUSIC
Transition from man in Korean hospital to the world of Lear. (Skip the first 30 seconds if the heart monitor beeps are annoying.)
Music source: "Red" by Park Woojae
MUSIC
Procession of Lear (riding on hospital bed) and entourage
Music source: "군무(群舞)-타악(엇모리)/살풀이(대금)/자진/동살풀이 (타악과 구음)" by 이생강민속국악단 (track 6 of the album 전통민속무용곡집 (4) - 살풀이)
MUSIC
Transition from Gonerill & Regan's exit to Edmond's entrance.
Music source: "Dancing with Spirits" by Donald Reid Womack
QUICK MUSIC TRANSITION
Descending tones, used for scene transition
Music source: "Sori" by Donald Reid Womack
QUICK SOUND EFFECT TRANSITION
Boom, used for several scene transitions
SOUND EFFECT TRANSITION
Cricket sounds for scene transition and opening of scene
SOUND EFFECT
Trumpet announcing Cornwall's arrival (from traditional Korean military horns 나각 and 나발))
SOUND EFFECTS (AND SUBTLE MUSIC)
Night sounds, used throughout Edgar's transformation to Tom, with hound sounds on specific cues
Music source used in 1st hounds cue: "Morphosis" by Park Woojae
SOUND EFFECT
Morning bird sounds, the next morning
SOUND EFFECT
Trumpet announcing Gonerill's arrival (from traditional Korean military horns 나각 and 나발))
THE STORM
(SOUND EFFECTS)
Storm layer 1: Wind
Storm layer 2: Heavier rain with distant thunder
Storm layer 3: Epic thunder and rain
Storm layer 4: Thunder without rain (continues through the blinding scene, after all other storm sounds have ended)
Specific thunder crash cues:
MUSIC
Transition from Fool deserting Lear to the blinding scene. Layered over "Storm layer 4: Thunder without rain" (above)
Music source: "Fly to the Sky" by Geomungo Factory
MUSIC
Ending of the blinding scene and beginning of intermission
Music source: "Cycle of the Sound" by Geomungo Factory
MUSIC
Next morning, Edgar enters and washes himself in a river, feeling more hopeful until he sees his blinded father
Music source: "Dream of the Tree" by Geomungo Factory
MUSIC
Cordelia returns with an army, searching for Lear, and goes through reports of possible sightings before a scout brings a sketch and description of Lear that she recognizes
Music source: "Remembrance of Greenland" by SooEun Kwak
MUSIC
Edmond and Gonerill flirt on their travels. (Picture is of Albany confronting Gonerill afterwards.)
Music source: "Sori" by Donald Reid Womack
SOUND EFFECT
Gloucester listens to the wind as he prepares to throw himself off the cliff
SOUND EFFECT
Cordelia and Lear lead their army into battle (this continues underneath the battle sounds in the next cue).
MUSIC
Gloucester listens to the sounds of the battle.
Music source: "Dancing with Spirits" by Donald Reid Womack
SOUND EFFECT
Duel between Edmond and Edgar (just a drum loop)
MUSIC (Practice track for the cast's final song, sung here by me)
Transition from the world of Lear back to hospital, and cast sings a final curtain call song.
Music sources: "Split" and "Remembrance of Greenland" by SooEun Kwak and "Fly to the Sky" by Geomungo Factory
The Fool's songs
Composed by me, using the lyrics that are in the play.
(I recorded these as practice tracks for our Fool, Chris.)
Spotify playlist of pieces of music used in the show. Please explore these artists and their albums!:
The Merchant of Venice
Seoul Shakespeare Company, 2018
(Directed by Michael Downey)
This production featured all live music, with no recorded sound whatsoever. As it happened, several musically talented actors auditioned for the production, so Michael came up with the idea of an ensemble comprised of Portia's servingwomen and Nerissa, who would provide music during the pre-show, perform a mood-setting song at the beginning of each half of the show, entertain Portia and her suitors with music, and provide incidental music from backstage. At the end of the show's first half, they were joined by several of the male actors, singing from backstage. Most of the music was genuine early music and old folk songs, and many of the pieces were based on recordings by Custer LaRue and the Baltimore Consort (I've been a fan since high school). I chose and arranged the music, and directed music rehearsals, with Michael's input. The one piece that I composed myself was Portia's song (which I also sang as Portia).
PRE-SHOW MUSIC CLIP
A clip from the pre-show: "J'ai vu le loup" instrumental version (recorded during the final performance). During the thirty minutes before the show, Portia's three servingwomen and Nerissa played instrumental versions of the pieces used in the show, as well as some improvised music.
MUSIC
Opening song, "Fare Ye Well, Lovely Nancy"
MUSIC
Transition: In Venice Antonio exits, heartbroken at Bassanio's interest in Portia, while in Belmont Portia enters laughing, throws off her mourning clothes, and vents to Nerissa about her suitors
MUSIC
Portia's servingwomen play welcome music as they wait for Morocco to arrive, give up with some relief, and then are caught off guard as he enters.
MUSIC
Transition: Morocco, Portia, Nerissa, and the servingwomen exit. (Continues straight into the next music cue, "Schiarazula Marazula.")
MUSIC
Transition: Shylock throws Lancelot out
Tune: "Schiarazula Marazula"
MUSIC
Transition: Lancelot exit
Tune: "Schiarazula Marazula"
MUSIC
Transition: Jessica exit 1
Tune: "Fare You Well, Lovely Nancy"
MUSIC
Transition: Jessica exit 2
Tune: "Fare You Well, Lovely Nancy"
MUSIC
Transition (covering a costume change from Salerio to Morocco): Nerissa and the servingwomen play welcome music as they comedically wait for Morocco and Portia to arrive in the casket room
MUSIC
Transition: Portia and her women exit, relieved, after Morocco chooses the wrong casket and storms out. (Also covers Morocco's lightning-fast costume change back to Salerio.)
MUSIC
Nerissa plays welcome music as Arragon enters through the audience
MUSIC
Arragon demands some music from Nerissa
MUSIC
Nerissa makes Arragon jump as he opens the silver casket
MUSIC
Arragon reads the silver casket's scroll
MUSIC
Transition music: Bassanio, Gratiano, Portia, Nerissa, and the Servingwomen enter the casket room
MUSIC
Portia's song, "Tell Me Where is Fancy Bred"
Composed by Lauren Ash-Morgan. Lyrics by Shakespeare (as in the scene).
Portia interrupts the casket-choosing music and gives Bassanio a major hint.
MUSIC
End of the first half, as Bassanio goes to Venice to save Antonio, and Portia prays (and gets an idea)
(Sung by Portia's women, then joined by Portia and the men from offstage)
Song: "Stella Splendens"
MUSIC
Beginning of the show's second half
Song: "J'ai vu le loup"
MUSIC
(Drumbeat)
Transition: Setting up for the trial
MUSIC
(Drumbeat)
Transition from Bassanio and Antonio after the trial to Portia and Nerissa leaving Venice
MUSIC
Transition: From Portia leaving Venice in tears to Lorenzo and Jessica in Belmont
Tune: "Edward"
MUSIC
Lorenzo and Jessica listen to music from Portia's house and reconnect after a moment of tension, and Portia and Nerissa arrive home after the trial, their eyes opened to the world outside Belmont.
Tune: "Edward"
MUSIC
Gratiano jokes with Nerissa, while everyone else is miserable. Jessica leaves, upset, with Lorenzo; Portia and Bassanio exit to share some hard truths; Antonio is left onstage, alone and heartbroken again, before finally exiting.
Tune: "Fare You Well, Lovely Nancy"
The playlist below contains various recordings that inspired our live music:
Garage
Seoul Shakespeare Company, 2017
(Directed by Michael Downey)
Michael chose the music for this production (three songs playing on the radio in Scene 2, and a piece played at the end of the show). I found sound effects for the show (birdsongs, crickets, and various car/truck doors opening and closing). In Scene 2 I edited the three pieces of music for the radio broadcast together, timed to fit the shifting moods of the scene.
Spotify playlist
(Missing "Angel of the Morning" by Chip Taylor, performed by Melba Montgomery)
The Winter's Tale
Seoul Shakespeare Company, 2017
(Directed by Michael Downey)
Aside from the classical piece at the beginning and the song "Andy" used at the end, all the music for this show (Autolycus's songs and all the incidental music) was composed by me. I recorded the incidental music myself, using virtual instruments in Garageband. Michael wanted bells, gongs, slightly eerie sounds, and the feeling of a seaside village. Time's music was designed to fuse a seaside theme established earlier in the show with rhythms from the traditional Korean dance seungmu (which I danced as Time). Bohemia was in 5/8 to be a little off-kilter and again a reference to Korean rhythms. The Bohemians took turns dancing with sheep shears (actually traditional Korean taffy scissors), inspired by a traditional Korean scissor dance. Autolycus's songs were generally inspired by Gilbert and Sullivan, to fit the period and to keep the scenes moving along with some patter songs, rather than stopping the show each time Autolycus sings.
SOUND EFFECT
During the 30 minutes before the show, as the audience entered, Mamillius played on the stage to the sound of ocean waves.
MUSIC
Beginning of the show
As the play begins, Mamillius is joined onstage by the adults, standing with their backs turned behind the chalk lines that Mamillius drew during the pre-show. After a surreal pause, everyone breaks into a party.
Beginning recorded by me, followed by "Concerto for 2 Oboes in F Major Op9 no3, 1 Allegro" by Albinoni, performed by Advent Chamber Orchestra
MUSIC
Transition music leading into the nursery scene, which Leontes is about to invade with his accusations
MUSIC
Transition music: Paulina approaches the prison
SOUND EFFECT
Transition: Leontes cannot rest
SOUND EFFECT
Transition sound: Cleomenes and Dion take a break on their journey from the oracle
MUSIC
Trial scene beginning
SOUND EFFECT
The bear attack
MUSIC
End of the show's 1st half: Shepherd and Clown adopt baby Perdita (and her box of gold)
MUSIC
Beginning of the 2nd half: Time dances
SOUND EFFECT
Time exits
MUSIC
"Bohemian dance," used at the beginning of the scene, and for the villagers' sheep-shearing dance.
MUSIC
Transition music: Returning to Sicilia after 16 years
Music source: "Andy" by The Front Lawn (slowed down)
MUSIC
Transition music: The three servingwomen talk excitedly about what has happened.
MUSIC
Statue scene music: Paulina calls for music and the statue "awakens"
MUSICAL DRAFTS
A collection of drafts of some tunes for the show, only some of which made it into the production
Autolycus's songs
Composed by me, using the lyrics that are in the play.
(I recorded these as practice tracks for Charles our Autolycus, and for Min and Toni as Mopsa and Dorcas.)
Spotify playlist
Since I created most of the music for the show, these are the only pieces of music from the show available on Spotify. The Albinoni piece is by a different orchestra. (The recording we actually used is here.)
Much Ado About Nothing
Seoul Shakespeare Company, 2016
(Directed by Michael Downey)
For this production, Michael's directing debut, Michael wanted a light, energetic, exuberant, joyous production, featuring music. We incorporated some live music into the play and I created a sound design based on royalty-free music. At various times Benedick played ukelele, Balthasar played guitar, one of our messengers/watch played flute, and I played drum. I composed the two songs sung by Balthasar. (This was actually my second time composing Balthasar's songs for a production of Much Ado, as I'd composed other versions of these songs for a production I was in at age 18, playing Hero). Our Balthasar also hilariously improvised a different song from offstage every night during one of the scenes. Michael had initially wanted the actors to be a group of traveling players with packing cases, and to put on makeup and costumes onstage before the show, but eventually shifted to the idea of a simple opening song for the cast, and ending the show with a song to replace the jig that would have happened in Shakespeare's time. For the opening song I found Dave Webber's "May Song," (with harmonies I arranged) and for the closing song we used Cloudstreet's "Dance Up the Sun," both of which I taught to the cast and accompanied on drum. I very deliberately made both of Balthasar's songs quite rhythmic, accompanying the funeral song on the drum from backstage, so that the songs would always feel forward-driving.
Teaser Trailer
(includes some music from the show)
Full show video 1st half: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmfuqKGcm-s&t=0s
Full show video 2nd half: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqOsBtM5b3k&t=0s
Music used in the show:
MUSIC
Opening song (performed live by the entire cast)
"May Song" by Dave Webber
MUSIC
"Go from my Window" - popular folksong from the 16th century (arranged by John Dowland)
Transition music into beginning of the party scene
MUSIC
"Folk Round" by Kevin MacLeod
https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100357&Search=Search
Party music 1: The dance
MUSIC
"Pippin the Hunchback" by Kevin MacLeod
https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1400005&Search=Search
Party music 2: Claudio is alone
Benedick noodles around on the ukelele at various points in the show
MUSIC
"Sigh No More, Ladies" (performed live by Balthasar, Don Pedrio, Leonato, and Claudio)
Composed by me, with lyrics original to the scene
MUSIC
"Tarleton's Resurrection" by John Dowland
Transition music into tricking Beatrice scene, and again in the transition to the next scene.
MUSIC
"Celtic Impulse" by Kevin MacLeod
https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100297&Search=Search
End of 1st half: Don John has laid his trap
MUSIC
"Thatched Villagers" by Kevin MacLeod
https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100720&Search=Search
Beginning of the 2nd half: The Watch
MUSIC
"Pippin the Hunchback" by Kevin MacLeod
https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1400005&Search=Search
Wedding procession
MUSIC
Candle bearers set up the funeral bier, Hero is carried in, Antonio and the Friar enter, and Claudio's group enters
MUSIC
"Funeral Song" (performed live by Balthasar, accompanied by me on drum from offstage)
Composed by me, with lyrics original to the scene
MUSIC
Claudio's group exits the tomb, Antonio helps Hero up, Hero peruses Claudio's epitaph to her, candle bearers take away the funeral bier, (cast members have a secret dance party behind the curtains), transition into the next scene
MUSIC
Closing song (performed live by the entire cast)
"Dance Up the Sun" by Cloudstreet
Spotify playlist for Much Ado
Includes the Kevin MacLeod pieces that we used, plus the original versions of our opening and closing songs "May Song" and "Dance Up the Sun," which we sang live as a cast. "Tarleton's Resurrection" is a different version from what we used, but was the closest I could find.